puts me in a minority of commentators. Readers may decide for themselves whether my alternative approach succeeds in making sense of what we can know with some certainty. I distinguish clearly what Paul explicitly wrote from what scholars have proposed to fill in the gaps. I focus on the information from three perspectives—that of Paul, the Galatians, and the Agitators—the anonymous antagonists lurking in the background. We should admit from the outset that all we know about each of these three depends